P3+John

= **__Albert Camus__**  =  John O’Connell   Albert Camus came from a small, working class family in Algeria. He won a scholarship in 1923, and studied philosophy from 1924 to 1932 (Books and Writers). He received his diploma from the University of Algiers in 1936. After his education, Camus moved to France in 1938, where he reviewed books and worked in theatre. During World War II, he served in the resistance movement. During this time, his second novel, ‘The Stranger’, was published (Books and Writers). After the liberation, he worked as a columnist for a newspaper called Combat (Nobelprize.org). He founded this newspaper with a friend named Jean Paul Sartre (Books and Writers). In 1947 Camus resigned from the paper and published his third novel. He later won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1957 (Nobelprize.org). He died in a car crash on January 4, 1960 (Books and Writers).

 **__Works Cited:__**  1. “Albert Camus – Biography”. Nobelprize.org. 18 Aug 2010  []

 2. “Albert Camus”. Books and Writers. 18 Aug 2010  []

= **__Jean Paul Sartre__**  =  John O’Connell   Jean-Paul Sartre was born into a distinguished family in Paris. When he was 9, Germany had declared war on France in 1914. Sartre, like many in France, became very nationalistic (The Existential Primer). During that time, he wrote many stories about the war. Later, in 1922, Sartre enrolled in a well-regarded preparatory school. The atmosphere of the school influenced his attitude towards establishment (The Existential Primer). Despite this, his next level of education was at a similar school. There he studied philosophy. Later on in World War II, Sartre wrote and even managed to have an anti-Nazi play to run 40 performances in Paris (Primer). These acts gained him fame in France. Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1964 for his writings (Nobelprize.org). He refused the award for “political” reasons. Sartre died on April 15, 1980.

 **__Works Cited:__**

1. “Jean-Paul Sartre – Biography”. Nobelprize.org. 19 Aug 2010 []

2. “Jean-Paul Sartre, Philosopher, Social Advocate”. The Existential Primer. 19 Aug 2010 []

= **__Martin Heidegger__**  =  John O’Connell <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> Martin Heidegger was very controversial around the time of World War II. He worked in academics in Germany in the 1930’s, and was known for his public support for the Nazi Party. This meant that his ability to teach was suspended in the years after the war (Philosophy Pages). Heidegger is particularly famous in his writing about technology and its impact on human existence after World War II (Regent). His work has become more influential especially with the recent advances in communication technology. He is also famous for his lifelong project to “answer the question of Being” (Mythos and Logos). This led Heidegger to existentialist beliefs. Throughout his life, he wrote a lot about the nature of living and understanding. Heidegger died in 1976, before the popularity of computers. Despite this, he had written about such an idea and its possible impacts as early as 1957 (Regent)

<span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> **__Works Cited:__** 1. “Martin Heidegger”. Regent.edu. 19 Aug 2010 []

2. “Heidegger”. Philosophy Pages.com. 20 Aug 2010 []

3. “Martin Heidegger”. Mythos and Logos. 19 Aug 2010 []

=<span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> **__Soren Kierkegaard__**  = <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> John O’Connell <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> Early in life, Soren Kierkegaard was famous for his critical writing on others. For example, when he reviewed ‘Only a Fiddler’, a novel by Hans Christian Andersen, Kierkegaard criticized Andersen for the lack of life-development and a life-view, which he strongly believed was and important aspect of writing novels (Stanford). Later on, he wrote about the meanings of religion and individuality, which got a lot of attention (Existential Primer). It was during these later years that his writing began to focus more on religion, mostly in a critical sense. He even established a journal, called The Instant. He used this to criticize the church’s ideals and influence (Existential Primer). Unfortunately, soon after this began, he died on November 11 1855.

<span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> **__Works Cited:__** 1. “Soren Kierkegaard, the Original Leap of Faith”. The Existential Primer. 20 Aug 2010 []

2. “Soren Kierkegaard”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 20 Aug 2010 []

=<span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> **__Friedrich Nietzsche__**  = <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> John O’Connell <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> Friedrich Nietzsche, despite being the son of a Lutheran Pastor, abandoned the study of theology for philology early on (Philosophy Pages). This eventually evolved into his tendency to create many anti-religious writings. Along with that, his interests in health and dislike of German culture of the time came together in his first book, ‘The Birth of Tragedy’ (Stanford). He believed and wrote that traditional philosophy and religion are harmful to people, and that they hold back their abilities (Philosophy Pages). Throughout the years he wrote books such as ‘On the Origin of Moral Feelings’ and ‘Human, All-Too-Human’. In 1879, health issues caused Nietzsche to retire from university work (Stanford). For almost ten years he wandered, and created several writings, mostly focusing on morality. In early 1889, Nietzsche had a mental breakdown and died months later.

<span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> **__Works Cited:__** <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> 1. “Friedrich Nietzsche”. Philosophy Pages. 21 Aug 2010 <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> []

<span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> 2. “Friedrich Nietzsche”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 21 Aug 2010 <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> [] <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;"> <span style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 28.0pt 56.0pt 84.0pt 112.0pt 140.0pt 168.0pt 196.0pt 224.0pt 3.5in 280.0pt 308.0pt 336.0pt; text-autospace: none;">