P1+Jiro+Molina

Term: Albert Camus Name: Jiro Molina

Albert Camus (1913-1960) was a representative of non-metropolitan French literature. His origin in Algeria and his experiences there in the thirties were dominating influences in his thought and work. He came to France at the age of twenty-five. Camus joined the resistance movement during the occupation and after the liberation was a columnist for the newspaper combat (Nobelprize.org). But his journalistic activities had been chiefly a response to the demands of the time. On 1974 Camus decided to retire from political journalism and besides writing fiction and essays was very active in the theater as producer and playwright. He also adapted plays by Calderon, Lope de Vega, Dino Buzzati and Faulkner’s Requiem for a nun. His love on theatre can be traced back to his membership in L’Equipe, an Algerian theatre group, whose “collective creation” Revolte dans les Asturies (1934), it was banned for some political reasons. Frenz, Horst. Biography of Albert Camus. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam 1969. Web. 18 Aug. 2010.

Term: Jean Paul Sartre Name: Jiro Molina

Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980). He born in Paris in 1905, he studied at the Ecole Normale Superieure from 1924 until 1929 and after that he became the professor of Philosophy at Le Havre in 1931. With the help of a stipend from the institut Français he studied in Berlin (1932) the philosophies of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. Since the end of the Second World War, Sartre has been living as an independent writer (Nobelprize.org). Sartre is one of those writers for whom a determined philosophical position is the centre of their artistic being. The existentialism Sartre formulated and popularized is profoundly original. Its popularity and that of its author reached a climax in the forties. Sartre says that "The meaning of mans life is not established before his existence". Man has to make this meaning himself, has to commit himself to a role in this world and has to commit his freedom. Frenz, Horst. Biography of Jean Paul Sartre. Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969. Web. 18 Aug. 2010.

Term: Martin Heidegger Name: Jiro Molina

Martin Heidegger (Born September 26, 1889, Messkirch, Schwarzwald, Germany-died on May 26, 1976). He is a German Philosopher, counted among the main exponents of existentialism. His groundbreaking work in ontology (the philosophical study of being, or existence) and metaphysics determined the course of 20th-century philosophy on the European continent and exerted an enormous influence in virtually every other humanistic discipline, including literary criticism, hermeneutics, psychology and theology (biography.com). He receive a doctorate in philosophy in 1913 with a dissertation of psychologism. And in 1915 he completed his habilitation thesis (a requirement for teaching at the university level at Germany). And on the following year Heidegger's study about the classical protestant texts by Martin Luther and John Calvin and the others led to a spiritual crisis, result of his rejection of the religion of his youth, Roman Catholicism. In 1923 Heidegger was appointed associate professor of philosophy at the University of Marburg. His mesmerizing podium presence created for him a legendary reputation among young students of philosophy in Germany. Wolin, Richard. Biography of Martin Heidegger. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc. 1994-2010. Web. 19 Aug. 2010.

Term: Soren Kierkegaard Name: Jiro Molina

Soren Kierkegaard was born on 15th of May, 1813 in the Danish Capital Copenhagen and into a wealthy and prominent merchant family that included six children. He's father was a firmly committed to a strict approach to faith and life and sought to ensure that his family would grow up within a firmly Lutheran household, his Father also appears to have been personally endowed with intelligence, imagination, spirituality, melancholy and a tendency towards feeling a strong sense of guilt, amongst his children Soren, at least, inherited all these traits(age-of-sage.com). Soren entered the university of Copenhagen on 1830 in order to pursue a course of studies in theology and philosophy. During these years he was extensively introduced to such contemporaneously prevailing ideologies as Romanticism and Hegelian philosophy. And also during these years he continued to read very widely in line with his own interest and without seeking to promptly complete his degree. Kierkegaard also not to chose to follow another path in life to which he had seemed directed, he decided that he would not put himself forward for ordination as a Lutheran minister. The fact that he had to devote himself to philosophising and to writing. Mcdonald, William. The life of Soren Kierkegaard. University of New England, Australia. 2002. Web. 19 Aug. 2010.

Term: Friedrich Nietzsche Name: Jiro Molina

Friedrich Nietzsche (Born Oct. 15, 1844, Rocken, Saxony, Prussia [ now in Germany], He died Aug 25, 1900. He is a German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became the one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. (Biography.com). Nietzsche's home was a strong hold of a Lutheran piety. His paternal grandfather had published books defending protestantism and have achieved the ecclesiastical position of superintendent. Friedrich Nietzsche attempts to unmask the motives that the underlie traditional western religion morality, philosophy, deeply affected generations of theologians, philosophers, psychologist, poets, novelist, and playwrights. He thought through the consequences of the triumph of the enlightment secularism, expressed in his observation that the "God is Dead" in a way that determined the agenda for many of Europe's most celebrated intellectuals after his dead. Nietzsche's name was later invoked by fascists to advance the very things he loathed. Bernd, Magnus, Biography of Friedrich Nietzsche. Encyclopedia, Britannica, inc. 1994-2010. Web. 19 Aug. 2010.