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Kaity Kepler Mr. Shingler All Souls Terms Terms 1-7 7 January 2011

1. Michael Faith Incident a. The Michael Faith Incident was an instance in a public school when the school was desegregated. The students were outraged and there were several fights that broke out. During a fight that broke out in the hallway of the school an 18-year-old white boy was stabbed, his name was Michael Faith. “During a shoving match outside a South Boston High classroom, Michael Faith, 18, a white student from South Boston, was stabbed. Armed policemen assigned to patrol the troubled corridors arrested James White, 18, a black student from Roxbury. Faith was rushed to a nearby hospital for surgery” (Education). Shortly after this is when many things started to break out; there were numerous fights, racial slurs, police cars had tires slashed, and police intervention began. A bus soon showed up and took the black students back to their homes in Roxbury. 2. Rabbit Inn Incident a. Just as the desegregation of schools went into its fourth week, things were still getting worse instead of better. It had then been realized that the public safety might not be able to be maintained. Much of the violence that occurred took place on Dorchester Street in South Boston. It was soon swarmed with police in that area to help try to keep some of the violence down. The police present in the area caused extra tension, especially among the Irish residents. One of the resentful Irish residents decided to throw a brick through the window of the police car. This was the break in most of the tension that the area faced. When trying to arrest a suspect, a Southie crowd letting the suspect fun free mobbed the police. “The next night two dozen T.P.F. officers burst into the jampacked Rabbit Inn on Dorchester Street. As many as eight patrons were reported injured. Some Southies are convinced that the T.P.F. raid was an outright reprisal for the previous night's incident; the police claim that they were merely answering a distress call” (Boston). This angered the residents but they were sure that the reason for this was due to the previous nights actions. Though injuries were reported and fights did break out, the police claimed that they were just doing their job by responding to a call they had received for that area.

3. National Boycott Day a. Even though there were several groups that were not coming to school due to the school no longer being segregated, National Boycott day is when several groups of students ditched school. Anybody who did go to school on this day was threatened and sometimes what was said did happen. People also ditched so that they would not be threatened of things and harmed. 4. Whitey Bulger a. Whitney Bulger was born James Bulger and called Whitney due to his almost white colored hair. He was first arrested at the age of 14 for stealing. Then forward, Bulger’s life and list of crime grew. He was also arrested for “larceny, forgery, assault and battery, and armed robbery and served five years in a juvenile reformatory. Upon his release, he joined the Air Force where he served time in military jail for assault before being arrested for going AWOL. Nonetheless, he received an honorable discharge in 1952” (John). Although he received an honorable discharge, that did not put a dent in his life of crime. The things that he did led up to a string of bank robberies and from there on out it was all a life of crime. Bulger wass in and out of jail and then soon became an enforcer for a crime boss by the name of Donald Killeen. After the boss was killed, he joined a gang where he quickly made ranks and became one of the top people in the gang. When the leader of the gang was sent to jail, Bulger took his place as head of the gang. During 16 years, he controlled a major portion of Boston’s drug, bookmaking, and loan operations; there were also several deaths. The deaths totaled over 18 in all. The one thing that many people did not know about Bulger was that he was also an informant for the FBI. He had family and childhood friends in the different forces of the law and helped lead them to people, crimes, and suspects while he continued to build up his empire. State police looked into Bulger’s gambling history and decided to bring him in on indictment. His FBI handle tipped him off and he fled with his wife. A short time later his wife wanted to come back for their children. Bulger fled again shortly after with his mistress. He had been off the radar for years and been one of FBI’s most wanted since 1999. He is the #2 most wanted fugitive right after Osama bin Laden. He has a $1 million dollar reward for his capture or information leading authorities to him. He is currently wanted for 19 murders, money laundering, extortion, and drug dealing. 5. Irish Mob a. While many of the Irish immigrants tried to get a hang on their lives in America, many became law enforcers, tried to create better lives for themselves, others choose a completely different path. These people created and became know as the Irish Mob. The Irish Mob wanted to make money from all the chaos that went on in the US cities that were rapidly growing. They believed in several of the old, traditional customs of Ireland such as “family and community loyalty as well as a tradition of rural terrorism” (Irish). They kept their organization under control this way and believed that what was tradition was law and needed to be kept that way. However, they did organize gambling, prostitution, and what is called protection rackets. These were mostly organized on immigrant communities. These families that joined the Mob never reached much success in their lives but did survive with what they had. They worked with mafias in many cities including notably Boston and Chicago. However, as families and generations grew, people realized that they could go to college and do bigger thing in their life and the Mob began to die out. 6. Irish immigration to America a. When Irish immigrants came over to America, they were not welcomed and the cities did not have the room and infrastructure to take care of them. They ended up falling back on their tribal ways, which is what they lived by in Ireland and the way that they were governed back then as well. They had no status but took care of that through their numbers. They focused their power onto a political level. They were mostly the Democratic party, this lead to America’s first political machines which were “organizations that used tight community organization to take power over local government and then used government patronage to maintain their power” (Irish). Since they did not have much when they came to America, they held tightly onto the power that received with their political standings. Soon the Irish immigrants branched off into their own things such as the Irish Mob. These groups had their own beliefs and thoughts on how things should be done and how things should be run.

7. Busing of 1974 in Southie a. The Busing of 1974 in Southie is when black students had to have their school bus escorted to and from school and home due to the violence that surrounded them. The police cars escorted them so that any violence that could potentially harm them will not. Since everything was newly segregated, many people still had issues that colored people could be in the same places that white people could, especially at the same time. Many were outraged and thought that blacks were not of the same social standing as whites and that they were nothing. Therefore, whites tried to harm them and get them to leave causing numerous fights. The busing was to keep the students safe because there was so much violence during those times between the different races.

“Education: Southie Boils Over”. Time. 23 December 1974. 5 January 2011. Web. “Boston: From the Schools to the Streets”. Time. 21 October 1974. 5 January 2011. Web. “John ‘Whitney’ Bulger Biography”. Bio. True Story. 2011. 6 January 2011. Web. “Irish Mob”. Ezine Articles. 2011. 6 January 2011. Web.