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Modernism; Danielle LaFreniere · //“I think; therefore, I exist”—Descartes//

· Modernism has always been the break in the traditional ideals of many people. “Modernism is to elevate the individual and the inward over the social and the outward. And to prefer the subconscious over the self-conscious” (Shingler). Modernism was most influential during 1914-1965. The ideals of Modernism is considered to still be going on today. Americans felling “alienation” leads to change (experimentation), hence modernism. Some examples of this were the Jazz Age back in the Roaring Twenties and the Harlem Renaissance. Modern writing elevates the individual and the inward over the social and the outward. Modernists did not care what others thought, they just cared about their happy well being and change.

Existentialism; Danielle LaFreniere · Existentialism is an idea that came out of the Modernism Era. “Existentialism is a group of attitudes that emphasizes existence rather than essence and sees the inadequacy of human reason to explain the enigma of the universe as the basic philosophical question” (Shingler). Existentialists believe that existence precedes essence. They believe that people must establish their life before they live it. For example people must define a word before they use it in a paper or an assignment. Existence is the fact or state of living or having objective reality and having an essence meant that human beings could be place within a larger whole that provided the standard for human flourishing. Existentialists believe individuals give meaning through action, and existence precedes essence.



Freedom; Brittney Davis · Freedom is the power to think, act, and speak as one wants without any restraint. According to Samuel Hendel, “The fact, in short, is that freedom, to be meaningful in an organized society must consist of an amalgam of hierarchy of freedoms and restraints” (“Quotations…”). Around the world, people are given certain freedoms, but no one is truly free. In the United States, for example, citizens are given certain freedoms in the Constitution, but it puts restraints on true freedom. Having complete freedom, to most, would mean complete chaos. There would be no order, no structure. Everyone would be doing his or her own thing, which could be dangerous. Americans are free, but only to a certain extent. Fate; Natalie Diaz · Fate is the universal principle or ultimate agency by which the order of things is presumably prescribed (Dictionary.com). According to Douglas Harper, fate is the, “Sentence of the Gods (Dictionary.com)." The word has come from the ancient times determining the existence of someone’s life and the meaning of someone’s life. It is ones perception of life in which usually happens in the end. This is the result. This is a word that can also be known from the word determinism. It is the state of being determined before life. It can also be known that it is the opposite of the theory of Existentialism. The theory of fate is more of an excuse to be predetermined the life you may live instead of living it and then defining it.



Free Will; Natalie Diaz · Free Will is defined as the doctrine that the conduct of human beings expresses personal choice and is not simply determined by physical or divine force. According to Douglas Harper, fate “is gives one the ability to choose, think, and act voluntarily (Dictionary.com).” For many [|philosophers], to believe in free will is to believe that human beings can be the authors of their own actions and to reject the idea that human actions are determined by external conditions or fate. The word Free Will comes to the opinions of different people and what they want to do with their lives but they cannot force that on anyone else. Fate is the opposite word for Free Will because this is the state of having the ability to chose the paths of life instead of it being predetermined. Through analysis of the word, Free Will it is obvious the words mean the will of life is free to opposition. This can be related to the theory of Existentialism. Free Will is a realization to the informalities in a human life and the change that comes from those options and realizations. = Works Cited =

5. "Fate | Define Fate at Dictionary.com." //Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com//. Web. 17 Aug. 2010. .

5. "Free Will | Define Free Will at Dictionary.com." //Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com//. Web. 17 Aug. 2010. .

“Quotations about Freedom.” quotegarden.com. Quote Garden, n.d. Web. 17 Aug. 2010.

Shingler Notes