AP+John+Paul+Satre

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2. Jean-Paul Sartre

3. Samantha Schuster

4. Jean-Paul Sartre was an existentialist philosopher who focused mainly on promoting the self creation of man. That is why he is “commonly considered the father of Existentialist philosophy, whose writings set the tone for intellectual life in the decade immediately following the Second World War” (“Jean-Paul Sartre”). From his perspective, to truly be existentialistic humans have to self create themselves. Through his writings, he introduces thoughts that many humans are scared to think of. Although he recognizes that there are two forms of existentialism, he is a strong advocate of defining the purpose of his existence. Sartre himself has atheistic views, and this is often evident in his works. He wants people to realize that they cannot wait around for fate to keep them on track, because there is no such thing (“Jean-Paul Sartre).

Sartre believes that humans must create a life for themselves, and life it to their own standards. In one of his most famous writings, //Existentialism is a Humanism//, he explains that “ If existence really does precede essence, there is no explaining things away by reference to a fixed and given human nature. In other words, there is no determinism, man is free, man is freedom. On the other hand, if God does not exist, we find no values or commands to turn to which legitimize our conduct. So, in the bright realm of values, we have no excuse behind us, nor justification before us. We are alone, with no excuses” (Sartre). The existence preceding essence ideology would mean that only through living would humans be truly able to give meaning to their life. The stress on freedom shows that another reason of his writing is that he sees freedom as being an absolute. Man should be free to do anything and everything he pleases. Restrictions on “freedom” would highlight his point that point humans are not actually free, but instead restrict themselves internally and feel stuck in their lives.

Works Cited: "Jean-Paul Sartre (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)." //Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy//. 22 Apr. 2004. Web. 26 Aug. 2011.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. "Existentialism Is a Humanism, Jean-Paul Sarte 1946." //Marxists Internet Archive//. Web. 26 Aug. 2011.

2. Jean-Paul Sartre

3. Sara Beaulieu: Audience

4. Jean-Paul Sartre targets the general public in his essays and lectures. His most recognizable work “Existentialism is a Humanism” was given as a lecture to a crowd in his hometown of Paris. He preached his beliefs to those around him as to encourage them. “Among the many ironies that permeate his life, not the least is the immense popularity of his scandalous public lecture “Existentialism is a Humanism,” delivered to an enthusiastic Parisian crowd October 28, 1945” (Thomas). This shows that Sartre did in fact speak to his peers around him. The fact the Parisians were “enthusiastic” shows that there were some that agreed with Sartre and supported his beliefs on existentialism. However there were some that disagreed with Sartre beliefs and he targeted them too. “One of the reasons both for its popularity and for his discomfort is the clarity with which it exhibits the major tenets of existentialist thought while revealing Sartre's attempt to broaden its social application in response to his Communist and Catholic critics” (Thomas). This shows that he created “discomfort” in some of his listeners, which means that he targeted those who did not believe the same as him such as the Communists and Catholics. In Sartre’s //Extistentialism is a Humanism”// a group he targets are people that claim to be existentialists. “ Most people who use the word would be rather embarrassed if they had to explain it, since, now, that the word is all the rage, even the work of a musician or a painter is being called existentialist” (Sartre). Sartre goes on to explain what exactly an existentialist is and he corrects people who are wrong about it. In order to correct someone Sartre must be targeting them as part of his audience. Basically he targeted anyone who agreed or disagreed with what he said, but he was most eager about those who disagreed.

5. Works Cited: "Jean-Paul Sartre (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)." //Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy//. 22 Apr. 2004. Web. 26 Aug. 2011.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. "Existentialism Is a Humanism, Jean-Paul Sarte 1946." //Marxists Internet Archive//. Web. 26 Aug. 2011.



**John Paul Sartre** **By: Brandon Prost** **Historically**

John Paul Sartre a philosopher who drew from that already created and thought of brought his own twist and ideas of it. He sought to make his own ideas and view by drawing from those he studied under. He studied under Husseri’s idea of a free and intentional consciousness and Heidegger’s existentialism. (John-Paul Sartre). From this he created this idea that everyone is free and that the meaning to life to our entire being is nothing and everything. As said in a John Paul Sarte Biography, “Man is condemned to freedom, a freedom from all authority, which he may seek to evade, distort, and deny but which he will have to face if he is to become a moral being” (John Paul Sarte Biography). Our essence to life does not make our existence, but that our existence makes our essence is what it means. This realization to this is the philosophy in which he aspired to. His idea and newfound look on things help people realize that philosophy is a way of life. With bring spirituality intertwined with care of the self with the current views and philosophies.

**Works Citied** "Jean-Paul Sartre - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 2011. Web. 25 Aug 2011

Flynn, Thomas, "Jean-Paul Sartre". //The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy//. 2011. Web. 26 Aug. 2011.



Jean-Paul Sartre

By: Luke Stangl

Jean-Paul Sartre’s experiences of teaching philosophy and studying under other prominent philosophers developed into not only a philosophy, but also a lifestyle. His culture and past experiences influenced his ideas. Sartre was born in 1905 and grew up in France (abc-clio), but he studied under well-known philosophers including Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. Sartre used the lessons he learned to develop his own opinions. In developing his idea of existentialism, Sartre “(drew) from many sources, for example, Husserl’s idea of a free, fully intentional consciousness and Heidegger’s existentialism,” but “ the existentialism Sartre formulated and popularized is profoundly original” (Nobelprize). Jean-Paul Sartre called on many different sources when he studying philosophy. However, he did not buy in to these other people’s ideas, he used their ideas to formulate his own philosophies. His culture and background led to the development of his ideas and philosophies. He used past experiences in his writings to better illustrate his point. Jean-Paul Sartre’s culture and prior teachings to formulate his own “original” philosophies.

Works Cited

"Jean-Paul Sartre - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 25 Aug 2011.

Waskey, Andrew J. "Jean-Paul Sartre." //World at War: Understanding Conflict and Society//. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 26 Aug. 2011.