Kalidasa+Poet

Background information:

Kalidasa was a very well known classical sanskrit writer. He was was regarded as the best poet and dramatist in the sanskrit language at the time. His birth and death dates are unknown, however it is believed that he was alive during the 4th century AD. It was not recorded that Kalidasa had a known patron such as a king or dynasty. Kalidasa was thought to have lived near the himalayas or near ujjain. This speculation was developed from the detailed descriptions of these places during some of kalidasa's sanskrit writings. Kalidasa wrote two epic poems and a few other poems as well.

Aim: From the content in the stories it can be concluded that Kalidasa wrote to entertain people as well as tell of important events that had happened in the past. One article states, "Raghuvaṃśa is an epic poem about the kings of the Raghu dynasty"(Poemhunter). Kalidasa tells the story of these kings in order to remember their achievements of his time. He also wrote about the seasons and many of his poems contained his observations and had to do with nature. He achieves his purpose through giving detailed descriptions about that topic that he is writing on.

Audience: The primary audience of kalidasa's writings seem to be anyone who finds them as well as himself. The way that Kalidasa wrote shows that he mostly wrote for personal enjoyment and not so much for other people to read. Kalidasa does not assume very much about his audience and mostly focuses on the poems themselves. On article states, "HE autumn comes, a maiden fair I slenderness and grace" (Poemhunter). Due to Kalidasa mostly focusing on the poems themselves and not thinking about an audience he is able to develop a peace and focus. This is because all he has to think about is writing.

Historical: Historical events strongly influence the poems of Kalidasa because some of his poems involve past events that he decides to write about in order to remember these events. One article states, "about the kings of the Raghu dynasty" (Poemhunter). Kalidasa used these historical events as a basis for many of his poems. Kaldasa's persuasion helps him connect with both the audience and the historical context of his poems. He can connect with his audience by sharing a piece of history that both parties are aware of. Kalidasa's persuasion effects the historical context of the poems by adding his own opinion to the historical events and telling the story from his point of view.

Cultural: Cultural events influence the relationship between Kalidasa and his audience through his style of writing and the topics that he chooses to write about. One article states, "Kumārasambhava is an epic poem which narrates the birth of Kartikeya, Parvati being sent by her father to serve the meditating Siva"(Poemhunter). How Kalidasa's culture is similar to his audiences is how they can relate to his poems. This is done because Kalidasa's culture features many of the same customs as the culture of his audience.

Poems by Kalidasa:

Autumn:
HE autumn comes, a maiden fair

In slenderness and grace,

With nodding rice-stems in her hair

And lilies in her face.

In flowers of grasses she is clad;

And as she moves along,

Birds greet her with their cooing glad

Like bracelets' tinkling song.

A diadem adorns the night

Of multitudinous stars;

Her silken robe is white moonlight,

Set free from cloudy bars;

And on her face (the radiant moon)

Bewitching smiles are shown:

She seems a slender maid, who soon

Will be a woman grown.

Over the rice-fields, laden plants

Are shivering to the breeze;

While in his brisk caresses dance

The blossomed-burdened trees;

He ruffles every lily-pond

Where blossoms kiss and part,

And stirs with lover's fancies fond

The young man's eager heart.

Literary Elements:
Point of View Definition: The point from which the author presents the story Effect: The third person point of view allows the audience to see and understand all aspects of the poem and everything that has to do with the autumn season.

Plot Definition: The structure of the story Effect: The plot of the poem is to describe the autumn season. The poem does not have any climax point but flows in a similar way throughout the poem.

Setting Definition: Where the action takes place Effect: The setting of this poem is wherever the season of autumn takes place. This includes the planes, forests, and anywhere else the season takes place.

Similarities: Both the song and the poems have similar plots because they both speak about the season of autumn. The setting of the song and the poem take place wherever autumn takes effect.

Similar Song:


 * "Autumn Changes" by Donna Summer **

This love of ours is gradually fading Something is wrong, or somebody's faking

Autumn changes Shifting phases Autumn changes Turning stages Surely something can help to patch it up

Too many nights sitting here waiting Too many days hoping and praying

Something inside seems to be dying Most of the time I just feel like crying

Autumn changes Shifting phases Autumn changes Turning stages Surely something can help to patch it up

Oh yes we can, sure we can Sure we can, sure we can

Autumn changes Shifting phases Autumn changes Turning stages Surely something can help to patch it up

Oh, yes we can, sure we can Sure we can, sure we can

Look to this day:
Look to this day:

For it is life, the very life of life.

In its brief course

Lie all the verities and realities of your existence.

The bliss of growth,

The glory of action,

The splendour of achievement

Are but experiences of time.

For yesterday is but a dream

And tomorrow is only a vision;

And today well-lived, makes

Yesterday a dream of happiness

And every tomorrow a vision of hope.

Look well therefore to this day;

Such is the salutation to the ever-new dawn!

Literary Elements:
Point of View Definition: The point from which the author presents the story Effect: The third person point of view allows the audience to see and understand all aspects of the poem and everything that has to do with the autumn season.

Plot Definition: The structure of the story Effect: The poem explores the beauty of life and the happiness of the present. Each day beholds new experiences and warm feelings that can be held by all that wish to enjoy them.

Setting Definition: Where the action takes place Effect: The poem takes place in the present and does not signify a specific place. The poem talks about the beauty of a new day.

Similarities: Both the song and the poem do not signify a specific place as the setting, but focus more on the time period. Both of the works are set in the present. The song and the poem have similar plots in that they both talk about looking forward to the next day and enjoying the happiness that the present can offer.

Similar song:


 * "Brand New Day" by Sting **

How many of you people out there Been hurt in some kind of love affair And how many times do you swear that you'll never love again?

How many lonely, sleepless nights How many lies, how many fights And why would you want to put yourself through all that again?

"Love is pain," I hear you say Love has a cruel and bitter way Of paying you back for all the faith you ever had in your brain

How could it be that what you need the most Can leave you feeling just like a ghost? You never want to feel so sad and lost again

One day you could be looking Through an old book in rainy weather You see a picture of her smiling at you When you were still together You could be walking down the street And who should you chance to meet But that same old smile that you've been thinking of all day

You can turn the clock to zero, honey I'll sell the stock, we'll spend all the money We're starting up a brand new day

Turn the clock all the way back I wonder if she'll take me back I'm thinking in a brand new way

Turn the clock to zero, sister You'll never know how much I missed her Starting up a brand new day

Turn the clock to zero, boss The river's wide, we'll swim across Started up a brand new day

It could happen to you - just like it happened to me There's simply no immunity - there's no guarantee I say love's such a force - if you find yourself in it And sometimes no reflection is there

Baby wait a minute, wait a minute Wait a minute, wait a minute Wait a minute, wait a minute

Turn the clock to zero, honey I'll sell the stock, we'll spend all the money We're starting up a brand new day

Turn the clock to zero, Mac I'm begging her to take me back I'm thinking in a brand new way

Turn the clock to zero, boss The river's wide, we'll swim across Started up a brand new day

Turn the clock to zero buddy Don't wanna be no fuddy duddy Started up a brand new day

I'm the rhythm in your tune I'm the sun and you're the moon I'm a bat and you're the cave You're the beach and I'm the wave I’m the plow and you’re the land You're the glove and I'm the hand I'm the train and you're the station I'm a flagpole to your nation - yeah

Stand up all you lovers in the world Stand up and be counted every boy and every girl Stand up all you lovers in the world Starting up a brand new day

I'm the present to your future You're the wound and I’m the suture You're the magnet to my pole I'm the devil in your soul You're the pupil I'm the teacher You're the church and I'm the preacher You're the flower I'm the rain You're the tunnel I'm the train

Stand up all you lovers in the world Stand up and be counted every boy and every girl Stand up all you lovers in the world Starting up a brand new day

You're the crop to my rotation You're the sum of my equation I'm the answer to your question If you follow my suggestion We can turn this ship around We'll go up instead of down You're the pan and I'm the handle You're the flame and I'm the candle

Stand up all you lovers in the world Stand up and be counted every boy and every girl Stand up all you lovers in the world We're starting up a brand new day

Seasonal Cycle - Chapter 01 - Summer:
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"Oh, dear, this utterly sweltering season of the highly rampant sun is drawing nigh, and it will always be good enough to go on taking daytime baths, as the lakes and rivers will still be with plenteous waters, and at the end of the day, nightfall will be pleasant with fascinating moon, and in such nights Love-god can somehow be almost mollified...[who tortured us in the previous vernal season... but now without His sweltering us, we can happily enjoy the nights devouring cool soft drinks and dancing and merrymaking in outfields...]"Oh, beloved one, somewhere the moon shoved the blackish columns of night aside, somewhere else the palace-chambers with water [showering, sprinkling and splashing] machines are highly exciting, and else where the matrices of gems, [like coolant pearls and moon-stone, etc.,] are there, and even the pure sandalwood is liquefied [besides other coolant scents,] thus this season gets an adoration from all the people..."The beloved ones will enjoy the summer's clear late nights while they are atop the rooftops of buildings that are delightful and fragranced well, while they savour the passion intensifiers like strong drinks and while the ladylove's face suspires the bouquets of those drinks together with melodious instrumental and vocal music... "The women are ameliorating the heat of their lovers with their chicly silken coolant fineries gliding onto their rotund fundaments, for they are knotted loosely, and on those silks glissading are their golden cinctures with their dangling tassels that are unfastened on and off, and with their buxom bosoms that are bedaubed with sandal-paste and semi-covered with pearly strings and golden lavalieres, and with their locks of hair that are sliding onto their faces, which locks are fragrant with bath-time emulsions, which are just applied before their oil bath... "Brightly coloured with the reddish foot-paint that is akin to the colour of lac's reddish resin, adorned with anklets that are festooned with jingling bells, whose tintinnabulations on their stepping after stepping mimic the clucks of swans, with such feet those women with bumpy behinds are rendering the hearts of people impassioned, in these days of pre-summer..."These days the bosoms of womenfolk are bedaubed with scents and sandal-paste, and they are given out to snowily and whitely pearly pendants that are sported on those bosoms, and even their hiplines are with the dangling golden griddle-strings, with such a lovely ostentation whose heart is it, that does not fill with raptures... "The seams of limbs of ladies of age are conquered by the often emerging sweat, thus those peaky bosomed lustful ladies are presently banding their bosoms with softish fineries, casting aside their roughish apparels ..."The rustles of air comprising the aroma of watered sandal-paste, blown off by the fans with peacocks' plumage, and the rustle of strings of pearls when the roundish bosoms of loves are hugged, together with the subtle melody of string instruments, and subtly sung intonations of singers, now appear to awaken Love-god, Manmatha, who is as though asleep after his manoeuvres in the last spring season... "On leisurely seeing the faces of the maids that are comfortably sleeping well on the tops of whitish edifices, the moon of these nights is highly ecstasized, for he is unpossessed with any such flawless face, as his own face is flawed with rabbit-like, deer-like foibles, and when the night dwindles, he doubtlessly goes into state of pallidity, as though ashamed to show his face to the flawless sun..."The intolerable westerly wind of the summer is up-heaving the clouds of dust, even the earth is ablaze, set by the blazing sun, and the itinerants whose hearts are already put to blaze by the blazing called the detachment from their ladyloves, and now it has become impossible for them even to look at the blazing earth, to tread further..."The reigning sun's torridity rendered the animals parched, and with unquenchable thirst highly shrivelled are their tongues, throats and lips, and on seeing kneaded blackish mascara like mirages on the sky in another forest, that are cloudlike in their shine, those animals are rushing there, presuming them to be water..."The women of charm are with smiles and slanted looks, and now they are on par with the twilights that are ornamented with a beautiful ornament called moon, and they are now decorating themselves confusedly and they are inciting the incorporeal Love-god in the hearts of itinerants..."Extremely seared by the rays of sun, and even by the already seared dust on the pathway, with its slithery motion and downcast hood, repeatedly suspiring when being scalded thus awfully, that serpent is sinking down under the pave of peacock's plumage, distrait of the fact that a peacock is an enemy of serpents, thus distrait is the relative danger from a born enemy or from the searing summer... "Thwarted are the valorousness and venturesomeness of that king of animals, the lion, for the thirst is abnormal, thereby gaping his mouth much lengthily, and suspiring repeatedly with a lengthened and dangling tongue, and repeatedly whisking his frontal hair of the mane, that lion is not pawing the elephants, though they are at his nearby, and though they both of them are born rivals, thus the scalding summer cooled off their mutual contempt... "Verily dried up are their throats, but somehow some cool water remaining in their trunks is brought to those dry throats with the prehensility of their trunks, but too scanty is that water for those mega-vores, further muchly scorched by sun's scorching rays and overpowered by heightened thirst, even those water-seeking tuskers are unafraid of those nearby lions, as negligible is the physical danger than the natural danger..."The scorching sunrays that are akin to the tongues of blazed up Ritual-fire, by them the bodies as well as the souls of peacocks are wilted, thus they wedge their faces in the pack of their plumage for certain coolness, and though they mark the serpents that are milling about under the very same plumage through the plumes and feathers, they peck not those serpents to death, as their priority is to cool off their faces and heads... "The slime in the ponds is dried up but in some areas Bhadramusta grass is available, and while the herd of wild boars is digging up that grass with their long and broad snouts for a piggish slumber, the sunrays have highly sweltered their backs, but that herd dug the dry swamp more and more, as though to enter the interior of earth, to get a mucky, miry, muddy slumber... "With the unbearable prickly heat of sunrays highly seared is a frog, and jumping up from a pond with mud and muddy water, it jumped to sit under the shade of a parasol, called the hood of a snake... neither thirstier frog is aware that it is the shade of a snake's hood, nor the thirstiest snake is aware that it is shading a thirsty frog... "When each other elephant is highly huddling, belaboured is that lake by their elephantine limbs, and completely uprooted are the tall slender stems of lilies and lotuses of that lake, without any remnants of standing lotuses or lilies, thus trampled and agglutinated with mud, they are heaped up under the feet of elephants, and ill-fated are the fishes when trodden by elephants underfoot, and the Saarasa waterfowls are fleeing with fear of this rumpus... "Akin to sunshine upcast is irradiance of the jewel on its hood, and wigwagging is its twinned tongue licking the air, and it is seared by its own venom, by fiery soil, and by the searing sun as well, and thus tottering thirstily, that hooded serpent is not draining the dregs of frogs, to the dregs... "Frothily gaping and reeling are the two-pieced snouts, and jerkily extruding are the lightly reddened tongues, and staggering thirstily looking for water with upraised snouts, those herds of she-buffalos are extruding from the caves of mountain with such snouts and gaits, wherein they took shade from the scorching sun so far, but thirst drove them out of those cool caves... "Extremely withered as though by wildfire and utterly shrivelled are the tender stalks of crops, and windswept by harsh winds they are uprooted and completely wilted and reduced to straw, and all over scorched are they in an overall manner as the water is evaporated, and if seen from highlands till the end of forest, this summer is foisting upon the onlookers a kind of disconcert, as the straw in the wind about the monsoon is unnoticeable... "Perching on the trees with wilted leaves, flocks of birds are hyperventilating, the overtired troops of monkeys are going nigh of viny caves on the mountain, the water-craving herds of buffalos are rambling hither and thither, the straight flying Sharabha birds are nose-diving into wells and easily lifting up the water... "The wildfire, that is simulative of a just blossomed bright and fierily ochreish safflower, is exceedingly speedy and further whipped up by the speed of the wind it is eagerly embracing the treetops, that are on the banks of lakes and rivers, with tongues of fire, onto which trees the apices of climber plants are eager to embrace, thus that wildfire has burnt down every quarter of land, in a trice... "That wildfire, now intensified by the gusts, is blazing the valleys of mountains, and thus skittering across it entered the stands of bamboos, only to shatter them in a second with clattering rattles, then escalated by gusts it is overspreading the straw fields, then from their within, on smacking the perimeter of straw-field, it is broiling the herds of deer, tumultuously ... "That wildfire taking a rebirth in the copses of silk-cotton trees is extremely blazing, and from within the cavities of the trees it is erupting with the glint of golden yellow, and thus uprooting the wizened leaves on wizened branches along with their trees, and then hurled by gusts it is whirling everywhere in that woodland unto its edging..."When fire scorched their bodies, their dichotomic thinking of mutual hostilities had to be discarded, and those elephants, buffalos and lions come together as friends, and when blighted by the fire, they are quickly exiting their habitual confines to enter the areas of rivers that have broad sandbanks... "Oh, dear melodious singer, what if the summer is scorching... fragrant lotuses are overlaid on coolant waters, agreeably refreshing is the fragrance of Trumpet flowers, comfortable is the fresh water in bathing pools, pleasurable are those moonbeams, and with these pearly pendants and these jasmine garlands, let our simmering summer nights enjoyably slip by, while we abide on the tops of buildings right under the moonscape, savouring potations and amidst music and song...======

Literary Elements:
Point of View Definition: The point from which the author presents the story Effect: The third person point of view allows the audience to see and understand all aspects of the poem and everything that has to do with the summer season.

Plot Definition: The structure of the story Effect: The plot of this poem is the season of summer and the different aspects of summer. The poem focuses on the benefits of summer and all of the joyful occurrences that happen during summer.

Setting Definition: Where the action takes place Effect: The poem takes place in the present and all of the places that summer can effect. The poem also includes the effect summer can have on the places that it effects, which adds to the setting.

Similarities: The song and the poem have similar plots and both involve summer. Each of the the pieces explore the benefits and joyful aspects of summer. The song and the poem take place in the present and talk about the effects of summer on the environment. Both the song and the poem are written third person point of view.

Similar Song:


 * "In The Summertime" by Mungo Jerry **

In the summertime when the weather is high You can stretch right up and touch the sky When the weather's fine You got women, you got women on your mind Have a drink, have a drive Go out and see what you can find

If her daddy's rich, take her out for a meal If her daddy's poor, just do what you feel Speed along the lane Do a turn or return the twenty-five When the sun goes down You can make it, make it good and really fine

We're not bad people, we're not dirty, we're not mean We love everybody, but we do as we please When the weather's fine We go fishing or go swimming in the sea We're always happy Life's for living, yeah, that's our philosophy

Sing along with us, dee-dee dee-dee dee Da doo da-da da, yeah, we're hap-pap-py Da da da, dee da doo dee da doo da doo da Da doo da-da da, dee da da dee da da

When the winter's here, yeah, it's party time Bring your bottle, wear your bright clothes 'cause it will soon be summertime And we'll sing again We'll go driving or maybe we'll settle down If she's rich, if she's nice Bring your friends and we'll all go into town

In the summertime when the weather is high You can stretch right up and touch the sky When the weather's fine You got women, you got women on your mind Have a drink, have a drive Go out and see what you can find

If her daddy's rich, take her out for a meal If her daddy's poor, just do what you feel Speed along the lane Do a turn or return the twenty-five When the sun goes down You can make it, make it good and really fine

We're not bad people, we're not dirty, we're not mean We love everybody, but we do as we please When the weather's fine We go fishing or go swimming in the sea We're always happy Life's for living, yeah, that's our philosophy

Sing along with us, dee-dee dee-dee dee Da doo da-da da, yeah, we're hap-pap-py Da da da, dee da doo dee da doo da doo da Da doo da-da da, dee da da dee da da  Works Cited ""Autumn Changes" Lyrics." //DONNA SUMMER LYRICS//. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.

""Brand New Day" Lyrics." //STING LYRICS//. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.

""In The Summertime" Lyrics." //MUNGO JERRY LYRICS//. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.

Poet: Kalidasa - All Poems of Kalidasa. "Poet: Kalidasa - All Poems of Kalidasa." //Poemhunter.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 May 2014.