Gavin+C

1. A writer is someone who uses language to create a universe in the mind of the reader. This universe may be imaginary, but the author can make it seem so real, so textured and full of life, that the reader becomes enamored. The book disappears completely, only reappearing when a chapter is finished. A writer can make the reader become the character, and feel anguish, pain, happiness,and relief as though it was really happening. A writer is an artist in his or her own way, weaving paintings in the minds of the reader through the use of words. The saying "the pen is mightier than the sword" was created for a reason. A sword can only kill and then keep the peace through fear. A pen in the hand of a writer can collapse or create a nation, can change how people think, and bring forth new ideas. And ideas persist on throughout the ages. A writer is someone who decides to describe his or her world the way they see it, or create one to satisfy the imagination, and let that idea be read by others. A writer is someone who wants to be heard through the pages of a book.

- Gavin Cude

2. In //The Debate That Never Rests, // author Pamela Paul explains the reasoning behind parents desperate methods to get their babies to sleep. To do this, she uses invented ethos, creating a character of herself that is unbiased and seems trustworthy. She explains all sides of the issue, using the contrasting opinions of authors of various books. Quotes are also used, some even bashing the method she used. By stating the advantages and disadvantages of each, she remains unbiased and her purpose remains in a positive light. Her opinion is never really stated in stone, and at the end of her article, she states that neither method may work, and to do what seems right to the parents. All of this is invented ethos, as she may really not agree with one method or another, but that wasn't the point of the article. It was to inform parents of the opinions of each side, not her own opinion. So she used invented ethos to keep the biases out.

-Gavin Cude

3. In //Water in the Desert //(no author given) pathos is used in a very blunt manor. After reading, the only emotion is a sinking of the gut and a sickening feeling. There is no honorific language, but some brittle pejorative language is present as he bashes all sides of the illegal immigration issue. However, the main point of the article - that the issue and consequences are the fault of all - are summed up in simple but brutal enargeia: "One of the results is plastic bottles. The other is corpses" (Water in the Desert). The author explained in the beginning of his article that some humanitarians were arrested because of leaving plastic bottle of water, aka littering, for illegals. He used pejorative language for both the humanitarians: "plastic litter is a threat to the environment" (Water in the Desert), and the U.S. government, "When the government cracks down on illegal crossings while refusing to establish a safe, sane alternative, funneling people into the remotest stretches of a burning desert, it shares responsibility for the awful results " (Water in the Desert) However his simple yet truth giving word choice at the end is the most potent use of pathos, showing the simple and inescapable truth to the audience. The corpses will be there no matter what.

-Gavin Cude