P4+Bethany+L,+David+M,+Megan+M,+Bobby+W,+and+Stephanie+T

1. Michael Faith Incident By: Bethany Lilly After three months of boycotting the newly desegregated school system of South Boston public schools racial violence between students reached its peak. While standing outside a classroom at the school one young man, Michael Faith a white student from South Boston High School, was stabbed by a black student, James White who was bused in from nearby Roxbury. Soon after, Faith was taken to the hospital for emergency surgery. After hearing of the incident many Southie residents rushed the school and protested the black students presence. Tensions rose and riots began. White men began screaming "Bus them back to Africa!" (Education: Southie Boils Over) Because of the stabbing the citizens of Southie started slashing police cruisers’ tires, even throwing bottles and bricks at state troopers. Schools were closed until tension began to die down.

“Education: Southie Boils Over” Time. Web. 7 Jan. 2010.

2. Rabbit Inn Incident By: Bethany Lilly Because of the desegregation and busing in of black students to the local schools in Southie, its residents began rioting. Racial conflicts which first started at the schools boiled over into the entire community. The Mayor of Southie, Kevin H. White said, “Violence which once focused on the schools and buses is now engulfing the entire community in racial confrontation” (Boston: From the Schools To the Streets).The buses carrying the black students had to be guarded by police and over 300 Tactical Patrol Force officers because many of the Southie residents would swarm the buses. After a brick was thrown at a T.P.F. windshield officers tried to arrest the man who threw it. However, a group of about 24 men began to attack the police so they were unable to catch the perpetrator. After the incident T.P.F. raided the Rabbit Inn, a bar, where supporters of the crowd were. These supporters began pelting buses carrying black children with rocks. T.P.F. officials tried to protect the buses, therefore the citizens of Southie got angry and started raising hell. They complained to their politicians until the buses stopped carrying black students. “Boston: From the Schools To the Streets” Time. Web. 8 Jan. 2010.

3. National Boycott Day By: Bethany Lilly National Boycott Day was on a Friday in October in the 1970’s when residents of Southie Boston boycotted school. Black students were being bused in to attend the schools in Southie. Residents of Southie were very upset about the integrated schools. Southie, which is overwhelmingly white Irish, did not like the fact that black students were going to the schools their children attended. Tensions boiled over. Riots began breaking out. Finally boycotting began. One man, Michael Patrick MacDonald, who witnessed National Boycott Day wrote about what he saw in his book //All Souls// ; “The signs at the marches were starting to change. Instead of //Restore out alienated rights// and //Welcome to Moscow America//, more and more now I saw //Bus the niggers back to Africa// , and one even said KKK” (MacDonald 86). Racial conflicts in Southie grew so heated that the whites decided to boycott and make their opinions known.

MacDonald, Michael Patrick. All Souls. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press, 1999. Print.

4. Whitey Bugler

Stephanie Toscano

“Whitey” was born on September 3, 1929. His real name is James Joseph Bulger, Jr. he is mainly known as Whitey. Whitey is on the FBI’s top ten most wanted list. He is the leader of the Winter Hill Gang it is a Irish-American crime family. The gang is based in Boston Mass. According to Wikipedia, “He is wanted for racketeering, murder, conspiracy to commit murder, extortion, conspiracy to commit extortion, money laundering, conspiracy to commit money laundering and narcotics distribution” (James J Bulger). Bulger is on the run and the FBI are still trying to find him so he can be sentenced to jail. If Bulger is captured the reward is $2 million dollars. His last sighting was back in 2002 in London no one has seen him yet.

“James J. Bulger”, The Free Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, Web, 10 January 2010.

5. Irish Mob Stephanie Toscano The Irish mobs goes from Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, New Orleans, and even out of the country like Canada, Ireland, and United Kingdom. Being one of the oldest crime organizations Irish Mob they would do anything like sell alcohol during the prohibition years. One of the little gangs Is the Winter Hill Gang part of the Irish mob from Boston. This gang was one of the most successful crime groups they controlled Boston’s underworld from the 1960’s to 1990’s their founder James “Buddy” Mclean. The Irish Mob war started in the 1960’s between to Irish-American organized crime gangs in Boston. According to Wikipedia, “It is widely believed that the war began when George McLaughlin tried to pick up the girlfriend of [|Winter Hill] associate Alex "Bobo" Petricone, also known as actor [|Alex Rocco]. McLaughlin was then beaten and hospitalized by two other Winter Hill members. Afterward, Bernie McLaughlin went to Buddy McLean for an explanation. When McLean refused to give up his associates, Bernie swore revenge but was soon killed by McLean in Charlestown City Square” (The Free Encyclopedia). At the end Bernie and Edward McLaughlin and Stevie and Connie Hughes were all killed. George McLaughlin was the only one to survive and he was the one that started the whole thing. He was sent straight to prison. "Irish Mob", The Free Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, Web 10 January 2010.

6.) Irish immigration to America By: Megan McKenzie  The Irish was divided during a long period of time. The whole nineteenth century was a time where the Irish culture was separated into different parts. According to Immigration, an article, “Between 1820 and 1860, the Irish were never less than a third of all immigrants” (Chao, Spencer). This meant that the Irish did not start off big in the immigration population, but grew as the years went on. The Irish continued to move and found themselves in different countries for a better life. By 1845, many Irish found themselves starving due to The Great Potato rot. This meant that many people migrated to a different area and was instantly an immigrant. By 1880, more than three and a half of the immigrant population in the U.S. was Irish.

"Immigration: The Irish." //Oracle ThinkQuest Library//. Web. 06 Jan. 2010.

7.) Busing of 1974 in Southie By: Megan McKenzie The African American schools lack permanent teachers, desks, and books during this time. The southern schools back then were discriminating against blacks. According to an article, “On June 21, 1974, federal district court judge W. Arthur Garrity rules in the parent's favor, saying the school committee has consciously maintained two separate school systems” (American Experience). This meant that many of the African Americans were facing more problems than they thought. The busing in 1974 meant that the community was assigning and transporting students to schools in order to remove racial segregation of schools. It was during this time where many of the schools were under federal court supervision. With the racist situations going on, many of the schools had mandatory busing plans within their district.

 "American Experience, //Eyes on the Prize// . The Story of the Movement." //PBS//. Web. 06 Jan. 2010.

8.) Michael Patrick McDonald   By: Megan McKenzie Michael Patrick McDonald grew up in south Boston. According to the Michael Patrick McDonald website, “After losing four siblings and seeing his generation decimated by poverty, crime, and addiction, he became a leading Boston activist, helping launch many antiviolence initiatives, including gun-buyback programs” (Michael Patrick McDonald web). This meant that McDonald was helping in all kinds of ways within his community. He was a leading activist before he became a famous writer. In the year of 2000, McDonald won the American Book Award, which made him even better known. His book, //All Souls//, is the most famous of his writings that is used for universities all over. McDonald’s book, //All Souls// , was made into a screenplay due to its popularity. Over the years McDonald has become a influential writer and now lives in Brooklyn, New York.

//Michael Patrick MacDonald : Author of All Souls and Easter Rising//. Web. 06 Jan. 2010.

//Bobby Williams// ** He was born in Boston on July 22, 1939. Flynn attended college at Providence College where he played basketball and was an All-American. After his college years he decided to go into politics. He started out as a House of Representative and then moved to the Boston city council. Then in 1984 he became the Mayor of Boston and remained the mayor until 1993 because he, “resigned during his third term as mayor when he was appointed by Clinton to serve as U.S. Ambassador to the Holy See” (Wikipedia). Flynn accepted the offer and stayed the Ambassador until 1997. In 1998 he ran for the Massachusetts 8th congressional district but lost the election and this was that last time he was seen in politics.
 * 9) Ray Flynn

“Roxbury, Boston.” //The Free Encyclopedia.// Wikipedia. Web. 26 December 2009.

// **10) Roxbury ** //**Bobby Williams ** Roxbury is located in Boston and it is a neighborhood. It was founded in 1630 and it was one first towns founded in the Bay Colony. In 1846 it became a city until it was argued within the city and it became a part of Boston and today it is one of the 21 official neighborhoods in Boston. Today, “the city [of Boston] asserts that it serves as the heart of Black culture in Boston” (Wikipedia). In the 1940’s the city started to be the place where African Americans would live and it has grown into today the center of the black community of Boston. “Roxbury, Boston.” //The Free Encyclopedia.// Wikipedia. Web. 26 December 2009.

//Bobby Williams // ** Dorchester is often confused as a city in Boston, but it is really a neighborhood that is within the city of Boston. It was first annexed to Boston in 1870. The population in 1870 was about 12,000 but it quickly raised. After the invention of streetcars and railroads the population quickly grew to a massive 150,000 by 1920. According to Surveys, "it is now a large working class community" (Wikipedia). Over the years there has been a large amount of new personalities moving into Dorchester so the social mix has been getting more and more diverse over the years.
 * 11) Dorchester

“Dorchester, Boston.” //The Free Encyclopedia.// Wikipedia. Web. 6 January 2010. 12.) Mattapan

By: David Myer

"The Gateway to Boston" Mattapan is a neighborhood in Boston. Historically a section of neighboring Dorchester, Mattapan. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Mattapan developed, residential and commercially. With in the Blue Hill Avenue and Mattapan Square area is were the historic "Gateway to Boston" stands. Mattapan is the original Native American name for the Dorchester area and meant "a good place to be," or "a good place to sit. "During the 1960's to 1970's the community of Mattapan went from being mostly Jewish to largely African American, and Caribbean American" (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia). Changes like this one have made Southie into the town it is today. The communities around Boston are Irish, and African American.

“Mattapan.” //The Free Encyclopedia.// Wikipedia. Web. 6 January 2010.

13.) Southie (or known as South Boston)



It was formerly known as Dorchester Neck and today is referred to as "Southie". South Boston has the reputation for being working class Irish community. Dorchester and Southie were annexed by Boston between 1804 and 1870. "During the 1970s, South Boston received national attention for its opposition to court-mandated school desegregation by busing students to different neighborhoods" (Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia).The county of Southie decide to desegregate the schools, and the people that had been living there great opposed this move, which was followed by riots, and boycotts. In the 1990s, South Boston became the focus for a Supreme Court case on the right of gay and lesbian groups to participate in the Saint Patrick's Day (Evacuation Day) parade. Southie is believed to have the first Vietnam war memorial. It was dedicated on September 13, 1981 and is located at Independence Square, which is more commonly called M Street Park. Fort Independence is the National Monument that was made after the capture of 2 forts from the British during the revolutionary war. James "Whitey" Bulger alleged head of Boston's organized crime Winter Hill Gang is from Southie. He is a federal fugitive on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Ten Most Wanted List.

“South Boston, Massachusetts.” //The Free Encyclopedia.// Wikipedia. Web. 6 January 2010.

14.) Old Colony Housing Project



Old Colony Housing Project: Old Colony, one of BHA's (Boston Housing Authority) oldest housing developments. This community has been known for its lower class population. The Old Colony Housing Project consists of 843 apartments, created in 1941. Castle Island, Carson Beach and Moakley Park are major cites, and parks around the Old Colony Housing Project. Michael Patrick MacDonald the author of "All Souls" grew up in the Old Colony Housing Project. In Southie, May 1998 the United States of America sued the BHA. The United States alleges that the defendant, Boston Housing Authority, has violated the rights under the Fair Housing Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 3601 et seq., of numerous tenants, and has engaged in a pattern or practice of discrimination by tolerating and failing to protect tenants from pervasive and violent racial harassment at housing developments that the defendant owns and operates. This harassment includes, but is not limited to, racially motivated acts of physical violence and the threat of physical violence, destruction of property, racist graffiti, and racist name-calling. "I remember hating having to cross over the Broadway Bridge again, having to leave the peninsula neighborhood and go back to my apartment in downtown Boston" (Micheal Patrick MacDonald). The neighborhood of the Old Colony Housing Project was run down and a cold place to live.

“Old Colony Housing Project.” //The Free Encyclopedia.// Wikipedia. Web. 6 January 2010.