SH+P5+Julius+Caesar+Terms



Mark Antony and Ocatavian

Katie Smead

Culture

code “Mark Antony: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interred with their bones; So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious: If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest-- For Brutus is an honourable man; So are they all, all honourable men-- Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me: But Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill: Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept: Ambition should be made of sterner stuff: Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And, sure, he is an honourable man. I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, But here I am to speak what I do know. You all did love him once, not without cause: What cause withholds you then, to mourn for him? O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason. Bear with me; My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me“ (Shakespeare 1). code

What has been previously posted, just under the visuals, is a speech by Mark Antony back in the Roman days. This quote is significant because it shows how much of a culture figure these men were. Octavian, more commonly known as Augustus, was the founder of the Roman Empire. He ruled in the years 63 BC to 14 AD. If this mad hadn’t ruled, the Romans wouldn’t be the society that they are now. “Marcus Antonius, commonly known in English as Mark Antony (January 14, 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), was a Roman politician and general. As a military commander and administrator, he was an important supporter and loyal friend of his mother's cousin Julius Caesar. After Caesar's assassinatioe, Antony formed an official political alliance with Octavian (the future Augustus) and Lepidus, known to historians today as the Second Triumvirate” (Mark 1). Both of these men helped build what our world is today. How it functions, and how we live. It’s not all because of them, but they were HUGE contributors.

Work Cited:

"Mark Antony." //Wikipedia//. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 19 Oct. 2012. .

"Shakespeare: Speech of Antony." //Shakespeare: Speech of Antony//. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. .

Mark Antony and Octavian


 * Historical: Meagan Poarch **
 * Cultural: Katie Smead **
 * Aim: Sam Fennema **
 * Mark Antony was a very high ranked military figure in rome, being Julius Caesar's 2nd in command. Throughout Mark Antony’s life his only purpose was to help and fight along side Caesar. Strategy and battle tactics is what helped Antony gain a high ranking position in Caesar’s army. Mark Antony was a loyal to Caesar, and when he heard of a plot against Caesar he tried to warn Caesar, but with no luck for the ruler of rome had been assassinated. Mark Antony fled for fear he would be suspected as the killer. When Mark returned the will of Caesar bequeathed the throne to his adopted son Octavian. Octavian became the next ruler of rome and although he won over many of the supporters of his father Mark Antony and him were rivals. This battle between these two was bitter, but Octavian and defeated Mark Antony, and Mark Antony suicided rather than becoming a prisoner. **
 * [|__http://www.history.com/topics/mark-antony__] **
 * http://www.roman-empire.net/emperors/augustus.html **


 * Audience: Luke Kinnison **


 * “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; **
 * I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. **
 * The evil that men do lives after them; **
 * The good is oft interred with their bones; **
 * So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus **
 * Hath told you Caesar was ambitious: **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">If it were so, it was a grievous fault, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest-- **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">For Brutus is an honourable man; **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">So are they all, all honourable men-- **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He was my friend, faithful and just to me: **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But Brutus says he was ambitious; **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And Brutus is an honourable man. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">He hath brought many captives home to Rome **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill: **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept: **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ambition should be made of sterner stuff: **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And Brutus is an honourable man. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">You all did see that on the Lupercal **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I thrice presented him a kingly crown, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition? **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And, sure, he is an honourable man. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But here I am to speak what I do know. **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">You all did love him once, not without cause: **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">What cause withholds you then, to mourn for him? **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And men have lost their reason. Bear with me; **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, **
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And I must pause till it come back to me.” **


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> This is a speech that Mark Antony gave to the people who came to Julius Caesar's memorial. Mark Antony told all of the townspeople that Julius Ceasar was a evil man and that was why he was assassinated. He continues on by telling everyone that Brutus, one of the conspirants, is a brave man and he tries to draw everyone’s attention from the assassination of Julius Ceasar, to the man that they should be praising, Brutus, the man who saved them from Caesar's evil reign. **

**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.ibiblio.org/ais/speechan.htm ** Omens Audience Erica Cook
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Speech of Antony.” ibiblio. Web. Oct. 20, 2012. **

The audience intending for Julius Caesar would have be people in that time era. People from 1599. William Shakespeare wrote many plays and this one was just one of the many. The audience were people who would have gone to see that show. Many people from everywhere would go to see Shakespeare plays. There were good seats, that were expensive. There were also cheap seats. So people from every class could see this too. There were many omens in this play. One was bad weather.

Works Cited 1. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">"Julius Caesar (play)." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Wikipedia //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Oct. 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(play)>. Marcus Junius Brutus



Audience

Sydney Miller

The audience of this man would be people that are close to royalty or people of importance. This man betrayed the man of importance that he was close to and when he saw his betrayal, he gave up and accepted death (Wiki). This shows that when people are close and supposed to be loyal, they have the most power over people. Hopefully, this man will show other people in his position the power they have over those who trust them. Many people will use this power to their advantage and abuse it. The Bible says “ For it is not an enemy who taunts me, then I could bear it. it is not an adversary who deals insolently with me—then I could hide from him. But it is you, a man, my equal, My companion, my familiar friend (Psalm55:12-13). However, only some people will recognize this power and respect it. In conclusion, this part of history mostly relates to those that have power. However, this also applies to anyone who trusts someone else.

Works Cited:

"Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger." //Wikipedia//. Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Nov. 2012. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Junius_Brutus_the_Younger>.

"Psalm 55:12-13 (English Standard Version)." //Biblegateway.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalm+55%3A12-13&version=ESV>.

SourceURL:file://localhost/Volumes/Empire/Users/lavalleebarbern1/Desktop/Marcus%20Junius%20Brutus.doc//

//Marcus Junius Brutus//



//Aim//

//Nikeisha Lavallee-Barber//

//Marcus Junius Brutus lived from 85 BC to 42 BC and was born in Rome Italy. During Marcus’s life, he was a Roman politician and the murderer of Julius Caesar. Murdering Julius Caesar was Brutus's main purpose in life. Around the time Marcus was planning to kill Julius Caesar; Caesar’s power was growing and he was starting to be know as the Dictator of Life. Many senators were beginning to fear Caesar at this point. During this time, the senators were looking for others to join the conspiracy against Caesar and they were successful at persuading Brutus to join them. “Caesar showed clearly that he would never restore the republic that he had overthrown. He received the senators as a king (not rising from his seat when they entered the room), wanted himself to be crowned and had himself proclaimed dictator forever. All this was extremely un- republican, and Brutus decided that he had to act”(Landering). After figuring out that Caesar was a terrible leader for Rome, Brutus decided he had to stop Caesar. Caesar was on his way to the Senate when Brutus and the other senators attacked. They killed Caesar in Mach 44 BCE.//

//Work Cited://

//Lendering, Jona. “Marcus Junius Brutus Caepio.”// Livius.org//. Web. 18 Oct. 2012 []//

//Badian, E. “Marcus Junius Brutus.”// Encyclopedia Britannica//. Web. 18 Oct. 2012 []//

1.Visual:



2. Term: Marcus Junius Brutus 3. Student: By Alycia Lichtas- Cultural 4. Since the assassination of Caesar, Marcus Junius Brutus has had an impact on the world. People look up to him as well as shun him for the terrible betrayal against one of the greatest leaders in history. Hollander the writer of the article “ Marcus Junius Brutus” on //Salem Press// speaks about the impact that this man had on the world. He says, “Marcus Junius Brutus became a controversial figure in history. In antiquity many admired his principled stand against tyranny, but others condemned the assassination of Caesar as the betrayal of a friend” (Hollander 3). This means that some think that Brutus is a criminal and others think that he is a hero, but almost every person has an opinion of him even though he was alive hundreds of years ago. The people of this day an age love a good murder story and the assassination of Caesar was the first the murderer remains remembered because of the betrayal that Marcus committed. In fact it is because of Brutus that people in modern times have a free will to speak out against something that they feel is unjust. According to //Rome Total War Heaven//, that how modern governments are formed is due to Brutus. It says, “When a government no longer benefits the people, it is time to make a new one” (“Brutii History” 1). This means that when a government starts to get bad, then it is time for someone to step up and create something knew to eliminate the old. This is what Brutus did and what he encourages people today in the modern society that we live in.

Works Cited: Hollander, David B. “Marcus Junius Brutus.” //Salem Press//. Vol. 3. 2007. Web. 18 October 2012. “Brutii History.” //Rome Total War Heaven//. 1997. Web. 21 October 2012.

Historical

1.

2. Marcus Junius Brutus

3. Colleen Dunn

4. Marcus Junius Brutus was a famous politician of Roman times and one of the last people to stand up for the republic. During his lifetime he greatly affected the Roman Empire through his high positions in politics, including him being appointed quaestor, praetor and consul. While quaestor, he used an army at his disposal to settle disputes in Cyprus. According to Britannica, “Long optimistic about Caesar’s plans, Brutus was shocked when, early in 44, Caesar made himself perpetual dictator and was deified” (Badian). Marcus believed that the empire should return to its old republican ways. He became a leader in the plot to assassinate Caesar, and completed the task on March 15, 44 BC. He tried to change the way the Roman people lived but failed, as Marc Antony took over and he had to escape Rome for his own safety. Indirectly and unintentionally, he also caused the civil war between Marc Antony and Caesar’s adopted son Octavian. This gave him an opportunity to try and take Rome to restore the republic. This plan failed however when Octavian and Marc Antony decided to work together against him. Although his mission was to help the people of the Roman Empire, he failed and the republic was never restored.

Works Cited:

Lendering, Jona. "Marcus Junius Brutus Caepio." //Livius: Articles on Ancient History//. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2012.

Badian, E. "Marcus Junius Brutus (Roman Politician)." //Encyclopedia Britannica Online//. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2012.

William Shakespeare:

//A//udience

Connor Griffin

William Shakespeare, a playwright from England, appealed to a wide variety of audience members across England. Ranging from peasants to queens, he performed to them all. The plays, however, appealed to mostly higher classed audiences. When the plays became somewhat famous with the lower class, other audiences started to notice "Elizabethan London saw what was really the first appearance of an entertainment sector in England. Though at the beginning of the period plays were not found outside the courtyards of inns, by the end of the period several playhouses had been built around London" (Bowles 2). This explains how that the first appealed-to audiences of the lower class, performing at "courtyard inns" to "groundlings" and just doing side plays. Soon, however, they were essentially uncovered by the higher class and began to be appreciated more. More of the Elizabethan (higher) part of England began to recognize Shakespeare's plays and the plays began to become more directed towards the queen, the events that happen that affect the higher class, and mostly more important people in general. He used it to his advantage to not only gain money, but publicity through his audience.

Cited:

//Mabillard, Amanda. Shakespeare's Audience: The Groundlings. Shaespeare Online. 19 October 2012// http://www.shakespeare-online.com/essays/shakespeareaudience.html

Bowles, Samuel. Shakespeare's Elizabethan Audience. Usi. 19 October 2012. //http://www.usi.edu/libarts/amalgam/2007/bowles.pdf//

//William Shakespeare:// //Aim//

//Daniella De La Rosa//

//<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">William Shakespeare was a very gifted English writer and poet. He has wrote many plays that people are still reading to this day. He often wrote histories, comedies and tragedies. "By 1597, William Shakespeare had published 15 of the 37 plays attributed to him" (A+E Network). Shakespeare was educated, so when he was writing his plays he knew how to write in a way that would appeal to others. The main reason why he wrote his plays was because he loved being an actor and he wanted to act out his own plays. "A few of his plays were printed in his lifetime, though they appeared more voluminously after his death" (Merriman 1). Shakespeare is a very famous writer and he wrote because he enjoyed writing plays. People are still reading and acting them out. The purpose for his plays was so that he could make money and still act in his own plays. //

//<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cited // //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">"William Shakespeare Biography." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Bio.com //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. http://www.biography.com/people/william-shakespeare-9480323?page=1. //

//<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">Merriman, C.D. "William Shakespeare." //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">The Literature Network //<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">. N.p., 2006. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/.

William Shakespeare

Cultural

Efren Barron

William Shakespeare did a lot for his time but his legacy still strives today. Everything from today's literature and poetry, to box office movies his influence can be seen. From his romantic and tragic plays he has set the standard for what romance is today.

Battle of Philippi: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sophia Urias - Aim <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 15px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The purpose of the Battle of Philippi was to avenge the assassination of Julius Caesar. “The lines of demarktion between them were gradually drawn, and men began to arrange themselves more and more unequivocally on the opposite sides” (Cleopatra 68). Once the Romans heard of this news lines “were gradually drawn, and men began to arrange themselves”. Before the Battle of Philippi the “two of the principal conspirators, Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus fled Rome” (Hickman). They were able to take over and start an army that would later fight against the Second Triumvirate. The two men were considered the killers of Julius Caesar and many people were out to retrieve thier blood. Eventually the Second Triumvirate was able to take over the forces of the two outlaws. The battle lasted twenty days and ended in the suicide of Marcus Junis Brutus. Citations: - Cleopatra. “Battle of Philippi”. Web. 19 Oct. 2012 [|__http://www.readeasily.com/jacob-abbott/00158/001580068.php__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">- Hickman, Kennedy. “Wars of the Second Triumvirate: Battle of Philippi”. About.com. Web. 19 Oct. 2012 [|__http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswarsto1000/p/philppi.htm__] Angela Candito- Audience

Following shortly after the assassination of Julius Caesar, occurred the Battle Of Philippi. It was also the final battle between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian. "The Second Triumvirate declared this civil war to avenge Julius Caesar's murder" (Harbottle 1). There are 2 specific audiences of this battle. The first would be the soldiers and citizens involved in it years ago. Obviously the country's people would know about it and would be under intense circumstances, along with the people actually fighting in it. The second audience would be the people and researchers of today's time. Students and teachers are reading and learning about this, and researchers are collecting information about it, and already have. The Battle of Philippi ended when Brutus committed suicide. "A second encounter, on 23 October, finished off Brutus's forces, and he committed suicide in turn, leaving the triumvirate in control of the Roman Republic" (Syme 1).

Citation: Harbottle, Thomas. "Battle Of Philippi".17 Oct. 2012.

__** Omens **__

Marisa Pagel



Cultural

Feng Shui stated that, "The greatest leaders of the world believe in it, philosophers think seriously about it, while actresses, gamblers and celebrities are hopelessly obsessive about it. Ordinary people engage in rituals and wear an infinite variety of charms to attract good portents. We believe in lucky and unlucky days. We have our favorite good luck amulets," (Shui 1). As one might be able to tell omens have been in people's culture fora very long time. It is in school, work and sports. People believe that retrials will help things turn out good and certain situations that happen to them mean that something bad is going to happen. Everyone believes that things are going to happen for a reason and that you can prevent them from happening by "charms" or such. In a lot of ways people's culture is shifted by omens and moved around them. They do certain things to have good fortune and don't do other things so that they can avoid bad fortune. In a Superstitious Society, "Compare to modern society, the Romans seem extremely superstitious. But then today's major religions have all throughout their past discouraged, even combatted, superstitions. Also our sciences and our technological word allows little room for superstition," (Superstitious Society 1). Religion has not wanted superstitions or omens, they wanted life to happen the way it was supposed to happen. However, the Romans being very superstitious impacted many people's cultures. Everyone thinks about what will happen and how to avoid bad luck. Culture has been affected by many things and have especially been affected by omens, determining good and bad luck in our society today.

**Citation** Shui, Feng. Omen of Good Fortune**.** New York: Feng Shui World, 2007. Print. Cavazzi, Franco. A Superstitious Society. Los Angeles: Centurion, 1996. Print.

__**Omens:**__

**Historical**

**Lauren Letarte**

There are many omens used in the story Julius Caesar along with many other stories on ancient Rome. “In the ancient Roman world, omens were barely separable from the arts of superstition, divination, religion and religious sacrifice” (Wiseman 1). In Julius Caesar, omens such as the Ides of March, the weather, animals in the story, and ghosts are all used. The Ides of March is the March 15th on the Roman calendar. In history, this is the day Julius Caesar was assassinated. This omen used in the story relates in the story and in real history when Julius Caesar was assassinated. The omens of animals also appear in the story along with ghosts. Literature with ancient Roman omens often include omens such as birds and animals and also certain natural actions can be considered as an omen. Omens in the story have a deep meaning that may not always be seen, but can lead to better understanding of the text and better understanding of the historical setting of the text as well.

**Works Cited:** Ripat, Pauline. Roman Omens, Roman Audiences and Roman History. History of the Ancient World. 2006. Print.

Wiseman, Gemma. The Role of Omens in Ancient Roman Literature. 2007. __**Omens :**__


 * AIM**


 * Brittany Wyatt**

=
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12px;">For as long as cultures have remembered there have been "omens." Omens are defined as "a phenomenon or occurrence that foretell or portend a future event, either good or bad" (Merriam Webster). Things like if a raven sits near one, death is near. “In the play Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare wrote to dramatize an event that “predated” Christianity. Shakespeare uses omens to illustrate that they in fact do not predict future event or the inevitable.” (Williams 1). Omens are used to make people believe that certain signs will predict things such as when one’s death will occur, or when one will come into great fortune. They were very popular in belief during Roman times. Yet, they are nothing better than myths and in Shakespeare’s play he tries to stretch that fact by taking the actions of Julius and his careless ways, to prove that it was Julius himself that led himself to death, not some myth such as “omens.” William being a very uplifted and strong Christian his purpose of negatively exposing omens is to prove that one has “the freedom and ability” to make their own destiny. “The outcome of one’s actions is not predictable, but in the hands of God” (Williams 1). ======
 * Works Cited:**

williams, eric. "The Significance of Dreams and Omens in William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar - Yahoo! Voices - voices.yahoo.com." //Yahoo! Voices - voices.yahoo.com//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. <http://voices.yahoo.com/the-significance-dreams-omens-william-shakespeares-3906094.html?cat=37>.

**__Group of Ivy Francis, Sierra Sebastian, Erin Cech, and Katie Walker:__**

 * __Aim__ **
 * __Ivy Francis__ **

Throughout the reign of Julius Caesar, he had many areas in his control, as in the picture above. He had many goals and over time he achieved a great number of them, one being conquering as much land as he could. He had many other goals as well, in many different areas such as: political, military, etc. He carried out many goals, not just of the areas of control, so Julius Caesar had put together a series of laws called the “Constitutional Reforms of Julius Caesar”, which contained three goals spilt up into three different parts. The quote “Caesar had seen how chaotic and dysfunctional the Roman Republic had become” (Wikipedia 1) explains how Julius Caesar had many goals for many purposes. Throughout his life, many things were going downhill and through his eyes he saw what needed to be done and how it needed to be done. Julius Caesar helped develop the Rome it had become, and even that led to an even greater and stronger Rome. He had transformed the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire throughout his reign until his assassination, and even after his death, they still continued the complete transformation from Republic to Empire by very similarly continueing rules, regulations, and held powers that Julius Caesar did as well.


 * __Works Cited__ **

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Constitutional Reforms of Julius Caesar." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Oct. 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. < <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Reforms_of_Julius_Caesar>. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Julius Caesar." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Oct. 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. < <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Daanschr/_Historical_maps/_Julius_Caesar>. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">"Julius Ceasar." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Oct. 2012. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. < <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_ceasar>.


 * __History (Katie Walker)__ **

Julius Caesar was one of Rome’s most well known emperors. He was born into a noble family and first served in the Roman army before going into politics; an area in which he strived to excel (History). He rose quickly through the ranks as he boasted his people-pleasing attitude. By 59 BC, Caesar had proved himself to be a capable leader, and, alongside Pompey and Crassus, formed the First Triumvirate, which led to Caesar being elected consul. The laws he passed were huge hits with the people of Rome, and much of the populace supported him. Once his term was over, he retired to a governor position, from which he led many successful military campaigns, which expanded Rome’s influence into an empire. When the senate revoked Caesar’s governorship, he turned on them, and marched on Rome, destroying the political system in the process. As he rebuilt, he appointed himself temporary dictator. Pompey tried to fight his rule, but ultimately Caesar took control and began an era of rulers who would call themselves Caesar. Julius ruled well, and in a way that one would expect to have brought many supporters. Unfortunately, pardoned enemies and common folk alike feared the return of kings to Rome, and in the end, Caesar was ambushed and stabbed to death by a group that included two men he’d thought to be allies, Crassus and Brutus. He was killed despite the great changes he had made in reforming the Roman Empire, and despite the fact that he was responsible for much of Rome’s greatness (Roman). Julius Caesar changed the Roman Empire, and influenced the rule of those who came after for a long time. It was because of this legacy he was remembered in Rome, and why those who ruled later aimed to follow in his footsteps, or, as the case may be, cover them up with even greater actions.

“Julius Caesar.” History Learning Site. n.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012.
 * __Works Cited__**

“Gaius Julius Caesar.” Roman-empire. n.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2012.

__** Culture **__ __** Sierra Sebastian- **__



“The Roman Empire in the first century AD mixed sophistication with brutality and could suddenly lurch from civilization, strength, and power to terror, tyranny and greed” (PBS 1). Many of the Greek philosophers ended up becoming Roman slaves. Most of the greatest minds were involved in politics, economics, and war (Roman Empire 1). “While all Romans enjoyed the public baths and made a feature of the evening meal, their clothes and food, homes and hobbies, were a product of their class. Those that tried to climb the ranks too quickly were savagely mocked by Petronius” (PBS 1). “When Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 bc (pretty much as Shakespeare described it!), that ended the vigorous Roman Republic. His adopted heir, calling himself Augustus Caesar, became first emperor. The Roman Empire would reach its greatest extent in 116 ad under the Emperor Trajan” (The Roman Empire 1).

__** Works Cited **__

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. < <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/index.html>. <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #1155cc; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: baseline;"> "The Roman Empire." The Roman Empire. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. < http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/romanempire.html>.