AP+Ollantaytambo,+Ernesteo+Guevara,+Manco+II

=Ernesto Guevera (Pre Che)= Alyssa Clark == = =

Ernesto Guevara was a middle class citizen born on June 14th in Rosario, Argentina. He was the first child born from Ernesto Guevara Lynch and Celia de la Serna. At age four Ernesto and his family moved from Buenos Aires, to Alta Garcia, which caused many problems for the asthmatic Ernesto who had rare school attendance until age nine. As Ernesto grows older he abandons his dreams of becoming an engineer and instead enrolls in medical school, while having multiple part time jobs. In October of 1951, Ernesto and his good friend Alberto Granado, a fellow medical student who had studied leperology, decide to travel to North America on Alberto's motorcycle, La Perdosa II, otherwise known as The Mighty One. Ernesto chronicles their trip and later this journal becomes the famed "Motorcycle Diaries". In 1953 Ernesto graduates from medical school and immediately afterwards travels around Latin America visiting leper colonies in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, and Guatemala. There he meets Cuban revolutionary Antonio Lopez and the two become fast friends. After viewing Jacobo Arbenz, the democratically elected leader of Guatemala, being overthrown Guevara radicalizes and escapes to Mexico where he begins to study Marxism. In Mexico he meets Fidel Castro, who was recently released from prison, and joins the revolutionary effort. As an Argentinian Guevara is referred to as Che as most Argentinians were and serves as a doctor to the troops on the yacht Granma, preparing to wage guerrilla warfare on the Batista dictatorship.

Works Cited:

Guevara, Ernesto. The Motorcycle Diaries: Notes on a Latin American Journey. Trans. Alexandra Keeble. Melbourne,

Victoria, Australia: Ocean, 2004. Print.

Sierra, Jerry A. "Che Guevara Timeline." Cuban History Begins Here. Web. 7 Jan. 2011. .

=Ollantaytambo=

Chelsea Force
Ollantaytambo “There is only one town in the earth of the Incas, where the time took a rest” -Unknown

Ollantaytambo is an Inca city that was most likely built by Inca ruler Pachacuti between 1439 and 1471 (Rediscover Machu Picchu; “Ollantaytambo”). The city is settled between two mountains, and is currently known as an important destination on the journey to Machu Picchu. Ollantaytambo is also new the city of Cusco. They city is located at the end of the Inca’s Secret Valley, so that in the past Incas living within the city could protect the valley from invaders (Destination 360; “Ollantaytambo Peru”). The city was heavily fortified, including solid walls, guardhouses, and an intricate labyrinth at the city’s entrance in order to slow down attacks. The Spanish first attacked Ollantaytambo in 1536, but the city was well defended by Manco Inca, also known as Manco II. Then, in 1537, the Spanish attacked again, and this attack is now known as The Battle of Ollantaytambo. During the battle the Inca warriors successfully protected the city, causing the invaders to retreat, but the Spanish returned, and the Inca warriors were forced to cede the city of Ollantaytambo (Rediscover Machu Picchu; “Ollantaytambo”). Not much is recorded about the city after the Spanish invasion, but what is left of Ollantaytambo brings tourists from all around the world, to witness for themselves a civilization where time took a rest.



The city’s remains reveal Ollantaytambo was home to advanced irrigation systems for crops, temples, shopping districts, and different housing districts as well (World –Mysteries; “Ollantaytambo”). Ollantaytambo contains temples and altars, and surrounding these religious establishments are the housing for religious figures as well as the rich. The Shopping district is mostly located on the mountainside, while the urban housing district is located beneath the shops in the valley. Finally, and most importantly, is the fields and irrigation system, also known as agricultural territory. This territory is located on the outskirts of the city, along with poorer housing for those who worked in the fields (Destination 360; “Ollantaytambo Peru”). The class separation demonstrates the same qualities that are held in today’s society, which fascinates many archeologists. Archeologists have also discovered that the city was built upon prior remains of another civilization, but it has not been determined who was behind the previous remains. However, many believe it was a previous Inca city. Despite the popularity of Macchu Picchu and Cusco over Ollantaytambo, the remains of the city bring to light the expansion of advancement for the Inca as well as their military advancement (World-Mysteries; “Ollantaytambo”).

Works Cited

“Ollantaytambo.” //rediscovermachupicchu.com.// Rediscover Machu Picchu, n.d. Web. 7

Jan. 2011.

“Ollantaytambo.” //world-mysteries.com.// World-Mysteries, n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2011.

“Ollantaytambo Peru.” //destination360.com.// Destination360, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2011.

= Manco II = Codie Allen = =

" I have taken up arms to recover my rights and restore freedom to the Peruvians, not to protect the designs of one vile usurper against another." -Manco II

Manco Inca Yupanqui (Manco II or often incorrectly referenced as Manco Capac II) was born in 1516 in the city-state of Cuzco. He was the son of the Twelfth Monarch in power, Huaina Capac. The Inca crowned Manco king after the death of his older brother Atahualpa. Soon after his crowning, an invasion of Spanish conquistadores attacked Cuzco. Manco fought back vigorously, but to no avail (Evisum Inc; "Manco Inca Yupanqui). He was forced to retreat the capital and hid from the invaders in the mountains ("Manco Inca Yupanqui"). However, Manco returned to the city after a short while with the belief that the Spaniards were superior and accepted the crown once again from Hernando Pizarro, who simply wanted to use him. The next day his return to the city and royalty was made public to his people. But feeling trapped from any kind of freedom, he made the decision to try and escape from Pizarro’s grasps. Manco managed to do this and began raising an army that would eventually number around 200,000. With this, he and his army if Inca warriors were ready to take their land back and launched its attack on the Spaniards (Evisum Inc; "Manco Inca Yupanqui").

Several parts of the Spanish army were killed before Manco took his army to the capital of Cuzco once again. With only 170 conquistadores left to defend the city-state, it was easily taken back. However, things got worse when a man named Almagro arrived from Spain with reinforcements.Almagro began to take back the city and the Incas retreated to a city by the name of Ollantaytambo in order to defend themselves (Evisum Inc; "Manco Inca Yupanqui"). In what’s known as the Battle of Ollantaytambo, 100 Spaniards alongside 30,000 renegade Inca warriors continually attempted to overtake the Incas and the city. Manco, who’s army now numbered around 30,000, controlled his army well and used the construction of the city to their advantage to hold them back (Rediscover Machu Picchu; "Ollantaytambo"). This lasted about ten months. With both sides unwilling to give up, Manco’s soldiers soon began to die in numbers from disease ("Manco Inca Yupanqui). He decided to negotiate with Amalgro, but was unable to agree on conditions and thus continued to fight. Much of his men were eventually slaughtered by Amalgro’s army and was once again offered another option of fighting alongside him against Pizarro. Manco refused and, in fear of never regaining their land, discontinued his army and retreated to Villa-pampa, which is in the heart of the Andes in 1537. Several years later in 1544, he was killed by one of Almagro’s own, whom he had taken in and given shelter to (Evisum Inc; "Manco Inca Yupanqui).

Works Cited "Manco Inca Yupanqui." //www.famousamericans.net.// Evisum Inc. Web. 7 Jan. 2011.

"Manco Inca Yupanqui." //www.wordiq.com.// Web. 7 Jan. 2011.

“Ollantaytambo.” //rediscovermachupicchu.com.// Rediscover Machu Picchu, n.d. Web. 8 Jan. 2011.